Why is AI & Machine Learning critical for Enterprise Networking?

At this uphill stage of technology, more and more enterprises are using networking than ever before; and at the same time, you’re witnessing the explosion of network with two dimensions. The first dimension is in terms of scale: more and more devices are coming onto the network and the second dimension is in terms of complexity: the network is getting more and more complex.

In this new world, where we are having the tsunami of new devices coming on the network, the network complexity is now exceeding human scale. Artificial Intelligence is a field that has been around for over 50 years. John McCarthy, who is regarded as the father of IT, coined the term Artificial Intelligence out of the other names for this field’s proposals such as computational intelligence, synthetic intelligence or computational rationality; and the initial definition of Artificial Intelligence given by him was "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."

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From its advent in the famous Dartmouth conference in Summer 1956 which started AI as a field, the exciting thing that is happening now after all these years is all these advances that have been coming. And because of the advances in Artificial Intelligence as well as Computation, networking, and so forth allow us to do the various things that we could never do before.

Information Technology or IT operators want simplicity and they also demand consistency. With Artificial Intelligence and its sub-field of Machine Learning, we can now help them build exactly what they want and help them in making what they care about; streamlining the operations for them. With the revolution of technology on the rise, Artificial Intelligence is the top IT field today and it will soon change the shape of networking with its probable smart future.

We are living in exciting times where we can feel the smart future within the hands reach but it is still a bit farther than that. If you think about it long, then the industrial revolution comes in mind which helped human remove the limitation of physical capabilities. This makes us think of all we can achieve from the AI and ML; think about the digital revolution, it’ll help businesses remove the limitation of human capabilities. And to be honest, that’s the power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.

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There will be 24 Million IoT Connections By 2024 - ABI Research

Internet of Things is growing with a steady pace in today’s time and there is no questioning as to what the future holds for it. With the introduction of 5G and Wi-Fi 6, which are built solely for IoT and Big Data, we are inching closer to the transformation of the “smart future”.
The new satellite constellations are being launched and there is a hope that this would help in improving the connectivity options of the IoT market. With these deployments, many applications would eventually benefit due to the large coverage it will provide.

The global tech market advisory firm, ABI Research’s Harriet Sumnall says that by 2024 there will be 24 million IoT connections made not via 5G or Wi-Fi 6 but actually but via satellite.

  

    “Terrestrial cellular networks only cover 20% of the Earth’s surface, while satellite networks can cover the entire surface of the globe, from pole to pole. The expansion of the satellite constellations that are currently in orbit and those due to take place will allow for connectivity to be more global. While the market using satellite connection is still immature, it shows great opportunities for growth.”

With such transitions to be seen, various applications will be affected inclusive of asset tracking and the two most important markets that lie in the satellite space maritime and aviation tracking. The reason behind them being so dependant on the satellite space is the lack of terrestrial infrastructure that is available in their location.
Like Aerial & Maritime, some vendors provide the ship tracking AIS and cost-effective aircraft surveillance ADS-B using nano-satellites and in this field of thought, satellites have been a game-changing technology with its high-end tracking capabilities in a cost-efficient manner. In the coming time, it is expected to see Software Defined Radio technology with the possibility that non-satellites can be used for these actions.

The big names in the satellite providers, such as Globalstar and Inmarsat, are facing new competition from the start-ups like Amazon and SpaceX which are launching Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites: which are currently costly for the set-up but in the long run they will result in being cost-effective from larger traditional satellites providing the coverage that other vendors are offering.

 

Sumnall says that with these offerings, the traditional satellite providers will have to rethink their strategies and will have to drive their prices down to come back in the competition with these newcomers.

    “Once the market becomes more successful and has matured, the pricing strategies will drop overall, allowing the satellite IoT connectivity options to compete against terrestrial connectivity options.”

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What’s new in CAT6 & CAT6a Plenums?

CAT6 Plenum is the sixth generation of networking cables with capabilities far beyond the time of its introduction in 2002. The specifications of this category were truly futuristics with its instinctive approach towards the next generation.

It won’t be wrong if we say that this cable saw the future and adapted it because 10 gigabytes of data transfer speed over the course of 100 meters and at the time when even internet was finding its way towards the surface was truly phenomenal.

Before we truly delve inside these two cables, it's better to understand the jacket type as well. In this scenario, Plenum is the jacket type of these two cables. The word plenum comes from the plenum space concept which is basically spaces that are meant for heat and cold air to pass through them, these spaces mostly include the air vents.

Now, the cables when putting in such spaces can be harmful to the environment for the very reason that they are less protective of the heat and hence can burn and produce visible smoke and toxic gasses. With such cases to be of an issue, there came plenum cables. These cables with their fire strict properties protect the environment.

Category 6’s Standard Plenum is one of the top 3 networking cables in the world right now and the very reason behind it is that they are very effective and are useful for a long term cycle. The specifications for this cable is a speed of 10 gigabytes that can travel the course of 100 meters giving the performance of up to 550 MHz.

CAT6a Plenum is the augmented type of Category 6. What’s different with its advance competitor per se, is the performance frequency. Although the speed of both these cables, standard and ‘augmented’, are similar, the difference in frequency is the real deal in the considerations of the consumers. This category’s augmented plenum gives a high bargain with a frequency of up to 850 MHz.

The real question is what’s new and if we compare these specifications to the predecessors we can easily determine that the predecessor lacked in speed where we are getting a speed of 10 gigs, the predecessor gave only 1 gig and also in the frequency department with twice to thrice as much frequency than the predecessor.

Hence, this is the very reason why these two networking cables are two of the top three networking cables in the market today and why they are really known to be the futuristic ethernet networking cables.

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WiFi 6 vs 5G: What Does It Mean for IoT?

It’s 2019, and we are on the verge of technological breakthroughs with the works on Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, IoT, Virtual/Augmented Reality, and Big Data being currently the buzzword in the field of technology. With such buzzwords, there are two new revolutionary technologies making their way to help heed these products and to make the lives of the scientists, the developers, and end-users easier; these two devices are WiFi 6 and 5G.

WiFi 6 is more than just a name, it is the next generation of the wireless standard that is following the current protocol of 802.11ac with 802.11ax. This generation of WiFi will be up to four times faster in the predecessor. With internet services getting faster than ever, it will take full device-dense areas and it will also offer much greater bandwidth than its advantage of this to provide the fastest new speeds.

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5G, on the other hand, is the name of the fifth-generation of wireless technology which will replace the fourth-gen 4G LTE. In comparison to the WiFi 6, 5G covers larger areas, while WiFi 6 handles things on a smaller scale. This fifth-generation is already providing limited devices with a whopping 1 Gbps speed and it is expected to be 100 times faster than 4G LTE, which seems a lot.

The reason behind the massive speed of 5G is its usage for the next-gen tech. This enables much greater capacity and bandwidth to networks, similar to WiFi 6 which will enable the outburst of devices as networks like 5G and WiFi 6 will handle higher usage of data without a slowdown.

These new generation of wireless technologies are coming to transform how we use IoT devices. It is because, with addition to their speeds, these devices will provide signal strength in congested areas; which previously already had too much wireless traffic making it practically impossible to be always on the devices. But with this, this overcrowding problem will become a thing of the past.

In the coming future, with these devices, we will see entire smart homes connected to the WiFi or 5G network. Many home security systems already use the cellular network to monitor and report, but with the help of 5G, it will make it much simpler to not only monitor but to even install it into the smart devices. The efficiency of this new technology will potentially lower the costs on both the devices and networks, so if we look into the business side, this would enable even the small businesses to take advantage of these new technologies.

Hence, these wireless technologies are the playgrounds for the new innovations in the fields of IoT as we move further to becoming the “smart generation”.

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IoT in Controlling Our Future

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the major technological fields that is taking over the world as we know it. It is an extension of the internet from beyond surfing the web to fully controlling the things around us.

From a sci-fi movie that seemed impeccable back in the day to living inside the world that is forming into that very sci-fi - it won’t be wrong to say that the Internet of Things are finally showing what the world is going to look like in not a decade but even in a few years.

Embedded with different kinds of hardware such as electronics and connecting them with the internet can give you full control over the devices. If you ever saw a movie where the lights were turned off by sound or rather a touch of your phone, it is now possible thanks to the IoT.

IoT isn’t limited to the lights; in fact, that is merely the least of what you can achieve with IoT. Internet of Things gives you control over everything involving technology, where you can get any desired output. For instance, you can turn on your car from your phone through the internet; you can sit in the car and open your garage door through the internet; in the future maybe you can drive outside from your phone through the internet; and of course, sitting inside the car, you can shut down the door through the internet as well.

As new as it sounds, this concept isn’t new at all; rather, it had been around for a very long time. This concept came around as early as 1982; when the Coke vending machine was modified at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the first internet-connected an appliance which could tell whether the newly added things were cold or not.

Since then, the evolution of the Internet of Things started and now we have reached to one of the points in time that the IoT is taking over all the appliances and devices related to technology and helping shape the future in a better way. Or is it?

Although, this may sound mesmerizing and safe, with more leniency comes more danger. Connecting to the internet is not secure as hacking will always remain a risky feature. Even with today's technology, hackers can take over the securest websites on the internet, and this could be one of the biggest threats proposed to both your privacy and your security.

IoT is one of the up and coming fields that are going to skyrocket in the nearest future as more and more people are trying out new things and ways to not only connect more devices but also make it as secure as possible.

Whatever the case, in the next few years and definitely in the coming decade, the internet will be all around us; connecting us with the people and the hardware with such ease, but it is for you to decide how you will handle the threat it can propose and what devices you will be willing to pair with it.

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The Future of Networking: Amazing Technologies Researched

What is Networking?

Computer networking is a collection of mainframe computers, servers, peers and clients, routers, hubs, and interconnecting junctions, wireless or wired network connected in series or parallel to form a chain. A network of a computer allows interactive, collaborative performance. The workload is distributed among various components of a network. Each component ensures transparency if the network has to extend and expand its range and capacity over a period of time. Multiple operations are managed when computers are lined up in series and linked up with physical infrastructure.

Some of the Network Devices Include:

•        Desktop computers, laptops or mainframes
•         Auxiliary agents such as a system of wires, cables, and ports
•         Firewalls to secure networks
•         Bridges link up two different Local Area Networks (LAN’s)
•         Routers or network adaptors allow computers to connect with the internet or Ethernet via jackets.
•         NIC or Network Interface Cards are used to make connects viable by allowing mutual sharing of a common internet connection.
•         Hub or a switch too performs a function similar to that of NIC that is they are distributing agents of internet connection between different factions of a network. The only difference between the two is that NIC has the ability to analyze and review the incoming data before it passes it forward whereas a hub directs the data in all directions without any check and balance.

Future of Networking

Computing networking has made steady progress over the years. Since its inception into the digital world, in the year 1980, networking has broadened in range, style, and composure. The modern-day network encompasses all traditional and contemporary tools, applications and program to redeem the real sensations of networking. Wireless technology is one very recent trend and WLAN is all set to rock and dominate networking.

Wireless controllers which were used to manage traffic onto systems are now nearly null and void and that is because of induction of highly sophisticated processing units within the computing devices. Ethernet cables these days can support gigabits of data along longer distances. The problems networks used to face initially because of less supportive cables are sorted out.

Ethernet cables are environment-friendly, low smoky, resistant to heat or corrosion and perform in continuity for longer durations with minimal chances of damage and decay. Routers are more sophisticated, transparent and act as wireless LAN access devices. Virtualization of servers and software-defined networking are big boosts when it comes to handling massive network operations.

Cloud computing has solved the chronic problem of handling massive infrastructures. Modern-day networking looks more cosmic, sustainable and determined and this is all because of the inclusion of the above-discussed infrastructures or applications into the networks. Networking looks in a state of evolution all the time which is very important for its stability and sustenance.

Let us have a look into some of the most dominating features which could further expand the range, size, style and capacity of networking.

a)    Diamond Conductors:

Silicon is the main constituent of hardware components of computers. In the coming years, diamond, which is used for ornamental purposes, will replace silicon as the main constituent of the physical structure of computing devices. The inclusion of diamond will solidify the performance because diamonds are more rational in displacing heat. Diamonds have an extra capability of conducting electrons too.

Diamonds will assist computers and networks in more belligerent performance. The systems would become less vulnerable to ‘aging’.

b)    Time Cloaking:

Photons are discrete packets of energy. They are the main constituents of light. Light particles are called photons in Quantum Physics. Photons are carriers of data, they carry and transmit data. Fiber optic cables use a light-induced mechanism to transmit data over longer distances.

Now researchers are working on encoding the message within the spaces within photons. If this becomes possible, the network would become more secure as an active intruder won’t be able to even detect the presence of a message.

c)     Nano-Electric Memory:

Computers with artificial brains will work more efficiently and shall respond instinctively. A new framework for extending the intellectual capability is under study, where nano-electrical impulses will personify the cognitive capabilities of machines.

Software Defined Networks

Software-defined networks or SDN has redefined and redeemed the real essence of networking. The thinking apparatus or pseudo-brains and the muscles of the network are dealt with separately in SDN. SDN provides centralized control over all the apparatus and acts as a binding force. More vigilant surveillance of networks is possible with software’s acting as a unification force.

Control plane and data plane are two distinctive modes and handling separately with centralized control. Virtualization of servers and network overlays are subtle manifestations of SDN’s. SDN operates as an open flow network. Networking access is granted to forwarding plane of a router over the network which results in affirmative control and results in increasing the value and essence of the network.

Given below are a few Advantages of SDN:

•         SDN breaks up the networking into smaller pieces which result in more control and increased levels of efficiency and performance.
•         Standard open interfaces are routes which allow safe and smooth passage of data within the network.
•         Virtualization of servers in SDN allows decentralization of servers and lesser demands of physical infrastructure in comparison to hardware controlled networks.
•         The bulk of the operations are managed by a set of protocols, algorithms and related programs so installation of heavy and bulky structures becomes a story of past.
•         SDN is more flexible to handle and manage courtesy of its multilayered structure; things never look beyond reach and out of control.
•         Integration of SDN based networks with innovative models of computing is easy because of its diverse and multidimensional organization.
•        Infrastructure layer and control layer works in tandem but as two separate and distinguishable entities, so an IT professional is always in control of the network.

Cloud-Based Networks

Networks connect with a third party over WAN’s to gain access to all the type of types of equipment, tools, utensils, applications, and services. A pool filled with all technological resources is readily available to network operators as a cloud service.

Networks are shared and so are the computing resources in cloud-based networking. Resources are disseminated upon request of the network owner most of the times. Sharing the network resources with peers to create a virtually centralized digital network is what cloud-based computing is all about.

Cloud-based networking is a sub-class of software-based networking.

Given below are some of the Advantages of Cloud-Based Computing:

•         Cloud-based networks are cost-effective simply because network owners won’t require the purchase of redundant hard drives to accommodate their resources.
•         Cloud-based networks are scalable. Even after purchasing a file server, the owner is never sure that the purchased storage device will be enough to meet the challenges of modern day computing, it could run out of space sooner or later. Cloud-based networking has shunned all measurements and calculations.
•         State of the art services is provided by cloud service vendors. Highly reliable organizations such as Amazon and Google are active cloud service vendors, so the quality of services is expected to be high too.
•         Cloud services are globally accessible. Various franchises of an organization scattered in different parts of the world can organize and distribute their share of resources by simply logging on to the internet.
•         Networking demands have increased in recent years. Networks have grown in size and the levels of expectations have increased dramatically.
•         Innovative designs, tools, and techniques are mandatory to substantiate the increasing demands of multilayered networking zones.
•         Cloud computing, SDN, light-induced photonic models etc. are a few of the many innovative tools and techniques which are applied in modern day networks.
•         Decentralization and virtualization of servers are two main principles which have revitalized the energies of contemporary networking zones.
•         Cloud sources are harbored in a centralized database but allow the indigenous networks to split their workloads into many smaller segments.
•         Software-based networking has reshaped the dynamics of networking dramatically. Multilayered structures, the division of labor and assets, strong connection between various segments of fragmented zones provides the networks the extra ability to work out of their grooves and to break new grounds to stand high well above the competitors.
•         Models of quantum physics have been successfully applied and implemented in the digital world and networks to substantiate the needs of networks.
•         Recent trends and innovations have raised the levels of expectations. Customers want the more authorized, qualitative, cost-effective, unorthodox and peculiar set of tools and techniques in the near future.
•         Computing networks are becoming multidimensional in approach and methodology and aspire to exist as self-sustainable entities.       A delightful mix of experience and youth is required by the tech developers to match up with the needs of networking.

A highly cosmopolitan approach will be required by the software developers to live up to the expectations of digital network owners.

Recent achievements are not below par by any means but realistically speaking lot more needs to be done in order to maintain a balance between the levels of expectations of the owners and delivery of goods and services.

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Digital Infrastructure and its Benefits

Digital infrastructure is a broad-based term, which is applied to a collection of all the possible utensils, software’s, servers, applications, clouds and protocol related to networking. The term itself is self-explanatory to an extent, the wires and wizards, the set of devices and the mode of their connectivity, applications and programs required to carry out networking tasks, cloud networking skills and methods are all included in digital infrastructure.

If we consider the example of only one of the digital equipment that is a mobile device, a Smartphone, we would be able to understand the dynamics and dimensions of digital infrastructure. The device itself is a part of the digital infrastructure, hundreds and thousands of devices get connected to the internet and rout and stream and surf websites, download data, connect with peers and communicate, share information, each of the activity pertaining to a smartphone device is a part of the grand arena which is digital infrastructure.

Virtual reality is a developing phenomenon with multiple dimensions. An artificial induced, 3D imagery of a real occurrence, place or event is generated using computers and a set of software. This virtually real infrastructure is a cosmopolitan design resembling the original structure, shape, and design of a naturally occurring entity. The flora and fauna of a wild African forest can be designed virtually, and the audience with the use of 3D graphics and glasses can surf through the forest from any remote indigenous location to tangibly feel the originality. This multilayered classical tech revolution includes digital infrastructure such as graphic design and control, machine learning process, 3G immersive tools and techniques.

Digital infrastructure is a binding feature, a core of each computing operation. Computers cannot operate, connect and perform without the complementary infrastructure in place.

Some of the basic components/dimensions of digital infrastructure include:

Cloud computing and virtualization of servers

Software-based networking modes

Massive scales of data centers

Sensors

The digital infrastructure allows a collaborative model of modern-day computing where thousands and millions of users connect, integrate, share and transmit data, receive information, perform multiple tasks and to tangibly associate themselves for more innovative modes of uninterrupted connectivity. The data hub, the back end servers, virtualized servers, decentralized autonomy, mapping skills, information seeking modes, IP-based connectivity, real-time sensing are some of the streams, subtle dimensions of what digital infrastructure is intended for. Digital infrastructure is the backbone of any organization, community, society or a nation because information gaining and pondering over the available resources, personified connectivity is a modern day necessity.

Tier 1 networking for cross-country and trans-boundary communication is one dimension. Optical fiber cables or submarine cables are routed and aligned underneath oceans to make digital connection viable, affordable, and manageable by all the continents and each sub-unit that is an individual country within each continent.

Each individual entity within the sphere of a nation-state then becomes a user of digital infrastructure. He is connected over live wires, electrical impulse, light signals, transmitting and exchanging data and information.

Let us look at some of the applications of digital infrastructure.

Internet:

The internet connectivity is one vital and most precious source which binds various digital devices through electrical and light impulses, these impulses carry loathes and loathe of data which is transmitted over communication cables which include, patch, cord, and Ethernet and fiber optic cabling systems as a part of the digital infrastructure.

A potential user patches him up with the social media apps, worldwide webs, online gaming zones, clouds and pools for true and vigilant reciprocation of resources.

Broadband/local connectivity:

Local connectivity is personified with the use of broadband, a connecting cable, wired communication ports, linking up various computing units as a part of network, again it’s the application of digital infrastructure, because the internet and Ethernet is made available at the organizational level through a system and series of ports, broadband devices linked and patched with connecting and communication cables.

Cloud computing:

Cloud computing has become an essential computing of modern day computing and networking. Cloud servers remotely allow access to the uncountable number of applications, utensils, software, and hardware is to peers. Cloud computing at individual and organizational level has become very important because of storage issues and scarcity of available resources and space to accommodate massive hard drives within the dimensions of an organization.

Cloud service vendors perform the all-important task of accommodating and making up for the shortcomings by controlling the resources and maneuvering them whenever and wherever required.

At the individual level, windows and other operating systems provide cloud storage services for free. The user can easily manage the scarcity of available space on his smart device and can use cloud service to act as a pseudo drive, a stockpile, a store. He can access this pseudo-device whenever he wants to but over the internet and can access files, documents, images and so on.

The digital infrastructure again comes handy in providing a virtual layering of the infrastructure to ease out the task and to adequately manage the resources.

IoT: (Internet of Things)

All the non-digital devices are made to perform digitally in a systematic way. Non-digital devices are linked up using an internet connection. Again digital infrastructure comes handy. Sensing devices, vehicles, robots, and other devices and products are made to flow over the internet with the application of digital infrastructure.

Virtual reality:

Virtual reality has gained momentum over the years. The artificially created scenario depicts a near natural picturesque of any naturally occurring habitat, place, person, museum, library located anywhere in the world.

The art of virtual reality has modified the fields of education, research, and health. It’s an artificial environment using technology and digital infrastructure in place.  A viewer can sit back and become a part of the traditional settings of an African village or can tangibly associate himself with the real fervor of the primitive societies to learn, to feel mesmerized or for sheer entertainment, the digital infrastructure takes control over the proceedings, you can just sit back, relax and enjoy.

The integration of the whole world, Tran’s boundary collaborations would not have been possible without the installation of compatible infrastructure.

The world looks one unit because of modern-day digitization and digital infrastructure becomes an outstanding and central feature which lays the foundation of a rock-solid integrative model of development.

A certain set of protocols draws the pattern of data disbursement and the connecting wires and the related utensils are the physical equipments to allow safe and sound routing and integration of sources and resources in the form of packets of energy, data, which is piercing its way through the infrastructure and resultantly one becomes able to stream his favorite website, communicate vigorously and access data through cloud management services.

Knowledge from different sources must be available to form a constructive manual in dealing the economic, social, networking, strategic issues at large, so qualitative and competitive infrastructure must be in place to generate services required.

Exchange of data time and again is the dire requirement of modern day communication. The most effective way of representing oneself on the digital arena is to share, exchange and retrieve data from various online sources, service providers and hybrid clouds which includes both public and private clouds.

In other words, the modes of communication ought to be streamlined. This is the value and potential of digital infrastructure.

OPERATING SYSTEMS is one example of digital infrastructure, the operating systems on digital devices, integrates multiple applications which are ready to be used on a single device through an operating system. The data is exchanged between each application, software and the communication mode is centralized to increase the validity, reliability, and transparency of the system.

In BUSINESS outcomes and product manufacturing and delivery process again the centralized chain of command is the core and most essential unit. Digital infrastructure binds various factions of the organization or industry for sounder, vigilant, determined, sustainable effort. A multidimensional effort is centralized with a unity of command, centralized check and balances because of digital infrastructure in place.

In HEALTH, digital infrastructure is pivotal, by streamlining machine learning process doctors and physicians generate and retrieve the history of patients and feed them on the computers for correct diagnosis and prescriptions by cross-matching and comparing the data with the already stored data pertaining to previous patients.

In EDUCATION, digital infrastructure has its part to play. Immersive 3D technological tools allow the integrated and collaborative model of study whereby hundreds gather on an online platform and get a detailed elaboration of on the topic under study. 3D moving images allow an in-depth look into the subject matter with practical experience which allows healthy researches after brainstorming sessions.

Digital CURRENCIES are using digital infrastructure to pave their ways into the market, a series of block chains, holding the ledger and balance history and transactions of an online business dealer is a systematic and multilayered model which allows transparency, security, and centralized command.

The tech world is gaining momentum and making serious inroads in the form of innovative products, mechanisms, software’s, applications and data delivery mechanisms. Digital infrastructure is the key to the rapid and progressive growth of the digital world.

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Fiber Optic and It's Importance

Cabling structure is revised and revitalized with the induction of a fiber optic cable into the system. A fiber as the name indicates, means hundreds of thin wired, apparently of a size of human hair, are twisted and curled, covered with an insulation sheath, to make current and data flow more abruptly, swiftly and with all the decency required.

The individual hair cells, the fiber optics are separately coated with plastic covering, to handle the pressures and to give an auspicious and generous look and also to dignify and magnify the data transmission. ELECTRICAL SIGNALS carry the all-important data so the speed and efficiency of conduction naturally increase and extends beyond the boundaries. QUANTUM THEORY and PHOTONIC interpretation of discrete packets of light energy is the underlining principle on which the formation and functioning of the optic fiber are based.

Light carry all the impulsive forces, discrete energy packets, which are called PHOTONS, which constitute a light ray. Tech scientists and researchers have interpreted the science and logic and have modified the quantum theory to rediscover supreme, delicate, effective and quality connectivity. A gradual development, evolution, have resulted in the formation and construction of optical fibers which are linking the whole world and is a big contributor to making this world a GLOBAL VILLAGE.

Construction/design/ingredients:

A fiber optic cable consists of the following main units

CORE, CLAD AND PROTECTIVE LAYER

CORE: the core is the center or epicenter of each glass strand within a cable. The core is a point of transmission of light.

CLAD: Clad is the plastic coating of each strand, the process is called cladding. It is essential because each strand becomes an autonomous and self-sustained unit.

INSULATION/PROTECTIVE LAYER: The electromagnetic influx from nearby cables has to be countered. So the fiber optic is well insulated with some Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), metal as per the demands and requirements of the operation.

CLADDING is very important because the light pulse which is central to the functioning of fiber optic cable has to be guided along the lengths and dimensions of the cable. So the material used for cladding has a lower refractive index and prevent the light rays from being dispersed. The data is delivered efficiently without any loses.

Fiber optic cables have two dimensions:

Single-mode fiber optic cable

Multi-mode fiber optic cable

The light pulse or beam in a single mode cable is streamlined along a single path, a single discourse is taken and this is where the name comes from. The light pulse of a beam in multi-mode fiber optic cable can take various discourses, can route along various paths, before reaching the destination.

Composition:

SILICA and GERMANIUM are the two elements which are used in manufacturing optical fiber cables. These two elements with unique capabilities allow maximum control over the design and operational capabilities.

Silica is chemically inactive and this is one advantage which makes it the most effective ingredient in designing and forming optical strands followed by the process of the cladding. Silica fibers can be easily bent or transformed depending upon the needs. Breaking, molding and reconstructing silica fiber is easy. Making a solid strand out of germanium of silica is called PREFORM. Usually, Silica is the main constituent of PREFORM with varying quantities of Germanium. Germanium increases the refractive index of the medium.

Single mode cables have lesser quantities of Germanium as compared to multimode optical fiber cables. An outer protective coating entailing strand and cladding is necessary because it protects the strands from any physical and mechanical degeneration. For example, optical fiber cables submerged below the surface of the water are protected by metallic of PVC coating. The outer coating consists of two parts: rock-solid exterior and a soft interior. The cable is ready to be served after going through various phases of reactivity amongst the desired set of chemicals in the presence of buffers. The cable is then tested for various parameters both qualitative and quantitative before dispersed into the market for sale.

FUNCTIONING:

Light is induced at one end of the optical fiber cable. Usually, a LASER or a LIGHT EMITTING DIODE is used as a source of light. The light pulse carries the data, moves along the strands, and is received at the receiving end where dedicated sensors decode the light signals as digits.

Light beam or rays are subjected to a potential loss at a single or more than one junction while traveling at the rate of knots along the fiber optical strands. REPEATERS are used to pace up the array of photons or discrete packets of energy so that the chances of losses are minimized.

 

Advantages:

Resilience:

Fiber optic cable is more resilient in comparison to traditional copper cables. They are strong and even exposed to the raw environment such as undersea; they will fight out any toxins or unwanted species by themselves without halting the operation.

Bandwidth:

There data transfer or data carrying capacity surpasses all the competitors. They deal in THz of terabits of data.

Heat losses:

Traditional copper wires dissipate heat and incur data loses resultantly. The optical fiber cables don’t get heated and don’t collapse even with high data count irrespective of the distances to be covered.

Crosstalk and Electromagnetic radiations:

If we look into the process of manufacturing and the types of ingredients used, it becomes very clear that optical fiber cables are highly effective in coping with the electric influx in the form of charged species which are moving around everywhere.

Ignorable amount of transmission losses:

Data transmission losses in optical fiber cables are as low as less than 0.3 decibels per kilometer of a distance traveled.

Small physical size:

Hundreds of strands of fiber can be placed in a single sheath of cable and this releases the burden of getting undone by the bulky layers of wires which become exceedingly difficult to handle, control and monitor.

Applications:

Telephony:

Modern day communication modes have replaced the traditional wired structures with the optical ones. Telephone lines which carry sound signals are transported over the thin strands of glass that is optical fibers.

Cable television:

Cable TV networks use optical lines as the main medium of linking up various operational units and offices.

Local area networks:

Local area networks (LAN’s) uses fiber optics. Hundreds of computers are connected with one another to constitute a network using fiber optic as the medium of carrying out the process of transmission from the server to receiver.

Medicinal uses:

Fiber optic cables are used in the field of medicine to look into the physical structure of humans for any possible diseases. The thin strands can easily be placed within the body of humans for doctors to glance into the thick and thins to study the physiological and possible decay, disease or ailment.

Military uses:

Communication mode has to be flawless when it comes to defense and strategic planning pertaining to the military. Optical fibers are used to transmit signals as light impulses on and off a functional unit such as a submarine or SONAR.

Fiber optic cables are multifunctional; they transmit signals and can store data as well. Light travels through each and every medium apart from a vacuum. So the unique qualities of light as envisaged in the detailed research carried out in Quantum Physics are applied to its full potential in the communication industry.

Light signals are converted and decoded into electrical signals at the receiving end in the form of digits, numeric, binary function and the process of data delivery is accomplished. With low latency and higher attenuation, low line losses in comparison to traditional copper cables, fiber optics have become an ideal choice to exonerate the communication process off all undue pressures. Sustainability is the prime essence and the core feature of any type of communication and computing operation.

The optical fiber cables are sustainable because they are lit with all the essentials necessary to carry out the meaningful, unequivocal, uninterrupted communication across any dimensions. Optical fiber cables are always in control and take possession of all the tools, sources, applications necessary for efficient, timely communication. Discrete packets of units are called Photons. These photons constitute a beam of light. These packets of energy illuminate our houses, penetrate beyond the boundaries.

Light energy is used to study the dynamics of the earth in remote sensing and GIS. They are used to detect record and study the variations in the physical structures of the earth by capturing imagery of the earth with deep penetration using high energy radiations called ultraviolet radiations.

Light impulses as LASERS are used to cure diseases such as stones in the kidney or carcinogens. Now it’s the time for communication to be streamlined with the use of these discrete variables. The light impulse travels in a sequence, pattern, along with the dimensions of the glass strands well protected by plastic layer and the PVC coating, with units of data stored across each photon.

The cladding is the process of controlling the light impulse to sway away from the right directions as light particles can bounce off or back causing some data losses. The light impulse reaches the destination in the smaller duration of time, making it a very effective, durable and comprehensive mode of communication.

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2018 Recap of the Tech Trends

2018 is near to an end. The year witnessed the launch of a number of tech utensils, infrastructures, software’s, programs leading the digital world into a more auspicious, gentle and glittering settings.

Internet of Things:

Every device has the already to become digital. Each non-digital entity can be made to behave, act and respond digitally. Internet of things certainly has multiple dimensions. A series of non-digital devices can be connected, are connected in fact and linked with a digital device and are controlled via the internet.

Internet of things has glamorized, secularized the computing and digital world. Smart houses, smart cars, surveillance cameras and accessories, smart cities are a few of the applications of this technology. One would have never thought of patching up his households with a mobile app, but this has been made possible with the recent and very talented skill and technology called the internet of things.

Now it’s safe, easy and smooth to drive through a cosmopolitan city as the Internet of things has linked up the resources of the city with the smartphone device or a digital app to facilitate the user, who can easily see through the movement of traffic, availability of parking and can pre-empt scenarios and plan accordingly. The devices which are digitally connected are hybrid structures which are reshaped to save time and allow most optimum use.

IoT is a very broad field with multiple dynamics but has truly unveiled newer trends. Our cars, navigators, satellite communication systems are all linked up, patched with one another to serve the purpose of effective, meaningful and uninterrupted communication leading to many tangible outcomes in one go.

A single setting, a drone linked with its peers on the ground that help discovers the hidden treasures of the earth, the weather forecast and upcoming calamities and natural calamities. The military benefits from IoT and so are we as individuals. The multifaceted field has numerous dimensions, some of which are yet to be discovered and worked upon.

5G:

The Internet is the core of modern-day connectivity, it’s the electronic signals which carry out the precious data and make digital user surf through the thick and thin of databases, search engines, magazines, articles, online books, gaming zones and so on.

5th generation internet has gained momentum in the year 2018 and has communication more abrupt and devoid of any backlashes, disturbances. Earlier 4th generation internet connectivity was the order of the day, not to be, 5th generation is running through the optic fiber cable to further streamline the process of modern day communication.

The 4G and 5G are going in parallel but definitely, 5g has to dominate soon, because of its capacity and audacity to serve the most with determination.

SDDC:

Software-defined data centers are a very recent innovation. The heavy and bulky infrastructures are replaced with applications and software’s to dictate the terms. Instructions shall be streamlined and used to process, coordinate and control the flow of data and events and to make communication more effective, equivocal and up to the task.

Nobody would have thought of such a tremendous revolution in previous years. But it has happened and the quality, transparency, and security are much more supportive. Decentralization is ensured leading to more autonomous set up within a single computing zone or a network are a few of the many benefits associated with instruction based networking.

400G Ethernet:

Ethernet is the transmission of data over a series of computers, sockets, cables and nodes and junctions so that each and every set is bonded to the central unit.

Ethernet has to complement the growing pace of the internet so that the data delivery is ensured with all the efficiency. 400g Ethernet is one latest up-to-date in the communication industry which has enabled the networking zones to be more vigilant and can be further expanded without fearing poor connectivity.

Gigabits of the data can be and is transmitted in splits seconds, over longer dimensions without incurring data loss. The latest brand of Ethernet cables is more supportive and determined to counter nuisance of crosstalk and electromagnetic influx which is a bonus and a necessity.

Virtual Reality:

Virtual reality has become more effective in delivering what is expected of it. An artificial world is illuminated, lavished and furnished so as to it looks like a real setting. Education, health and environmental studies use virtual reality to teach, treat and to locate the footprints of endangered species respectively.

3D imagery is created and displayed for instance that of a tropical rain forest in Africa and the viewer can feel as if he is really a tangible part of the setting right at his indigenous location which could be the USA, far east or far west. A traumatic patient can enjoy streaming through the highs and lows of an entertainment zone with 3G imagery and visual display to tranquilize his mind and his mental sensations without making a single move.

Cloud Computing:

Cloud computing provides qualitative transmission of computing resources provided, checked and controlled by a third party vendor at the back end. The organization itself becomes a client in the sense that it purchases all the documents, services and, infrastructure and softwares upon request.

Public and private network clouds are used by hundreds and thousands of users each day and this has made the tasks of the users and network owners much more easily and sustainable. The networking zone has to focus on the outputs and doesn’t need to bother much about harvesting services itself which is a huge relief.

Artificial Intelligence:

Artificial intelligence is the ability of computing units to respond and work as human brains do. Computers are instructed in the form of codes, which are inputs; the device processes the information and responds with the desired action. The machine learning process is streamlined; the digital device itself responds to the call and triggers an action.

The computers are good learners, so they are learned to perform automatically. Artificial intelligence involves codes as the set of instructions; the machine reads the codes and interprets accordingly with a suitable action. The intensity of tech development has increased to a greater extent in the year 2018. Many precious innovations have eased out human lives to a greater extent. We as individuals have become more dependent on technology resultantly.

Human minds have forced computers into the activity of brainstorming, thinking, perceiving the information to generate automated responses. The growing and developing trends are sensational which has raised the levels and standards of living. The earth has become a global village because of high-speed internet. Each and every unit of the globe is connected and apparently, nothing surfaces. Nothing is hidden; acquisition of knowledge from reliable, online sources have become a lot easier and affordable.

Internet of things has further intensified the charisma associated with the digitization. The flow of current and signals is that is required to make a device work like a pseudo-computer. All the flavors are added to the levels which trigger the level of excitement and deep penetration into the splendid digital world. The use, misuse of these utensils has to be avoided because nothing is good or bad in itself, it’s the use which determines the value of a product.

Being digital, doesn’t look safe and good all the times, human mind supersedes all the digital devices and applications because it’s the humans who created out such auspicious tremendous designs out of their minds, so resting back on one's heel must be avoided. The digital innovations must act as facilitators to support the modern day life. Relying too much on them will make a human mind lethargic. The tech revolutions in the recent years and specifically in the year 2018, has added intensity, class, pace, quality and excitement but again a check and balance between use, abuse and overuse has to be monitored time and again.

The computers must not be dictating terms, instead, they must comply with what they are asked to do, and they are mere machines with artificially induced brains which is no way near the brains and nervous system of humans. The artificial intelligence-based neural networks, in artificial intelligence, will always play the second fiddle, and could never lead from the front.

We have to maintain the all-important balance for most effective use of these products. Social media apps, which are becoming more broadened each day with millions of users connecting to make healthy dawn and appealing evenings, are an outcome of the modern day tech revolution. Artificial intelligence, algorithms, high-speed connectivity, Ethernets, all play a vital role in bringing out social media communication apps.

Again connecting too much without a valuable purpose is causing havoc. Our younger generations are becoming addicted to these communication tools that they are unable to communicate between the artificial and the real world. Hypersensitivity, depression, social withdrawal are all the consequences of overuse of such tools which are initially meant to tie people from around the globe to get engage in healthier activities for the betterment of individuals and that of societies.

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Innovations & The Future of IoT (Internet of Things)

Internet of things is a broad-based term which encompasses all the entities, devices which can be made to connect with the digital device for digitization. Things are valiant species, everyday commodities, which can be linked up with the computing device and make them work as a digital equipment. One may be familiar with the term ‘smart cities’ and ‘smart house’: these are a couple of many manifestations of the internet of things.

Internet of things is the digitization of houses, cities to make them glow and shine with technology. All the appliances are able to transmit data. A bundle of appliances is linked up with each other to create a network, called internet of things. Electronic flow is mandatory because transactions require a medium, a current, as electrons. A certain set of software’s and programs ought to be installed for smooth functioning followed by connectivity. The electronic signals, the internet can be made to expand its texture and range and non-digital devices perform as if they were genetically computers.

Internet of things is a gentle mix of multiple tech-based programs and innovations which help dignify the operational mechanism. Wireless sensor networks, analytics, algorithms, machine learning, remote sensing are few dimensions, set of programs, which are embedded into systems and devices to run them like computers. ATM machines, cold drink machines placed in public places, don’t require a human to check in or check out. A handful of instructions is stored in the device and it responds and serves its customer. The digital and physical world is merged into one another to integrate with an all in one mode.

DIGITAL INTELLIGENCE is the pinnacle, core and the main principle which gave rise to this very sensational, unique and out of the blue tech trend as ‘Internet of Things’. BROADBAND INTERNET, WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY, and the availability of cheap and effective SENSORS made the dream of devising the mechanism relatively easy and very much within range. More than 8 billion Internet of things devices were used in the year 2017 alone and the phenomenon expanded and more people became eager to enjoy the glides and glitters of unorthodox digitization. It is expected and highly realistic belief that more than 20 billion people will be using the internet of things by the year 2020, which speaks volumes for the quality and the growth of this developing mechanism.

The future of this industry is bright because of its ability to entail people from all walks of life. Each and every individual wants to be smart and looks out for something smarter than he himself is. Internet of things becomes a near-ideal contender to be with the client, all the time, and ease out his day to day task as a friend or a subordinate, but will definitely not let his owner down. Following are the few of the many highlights, advantages, applications, and significance which makes it a strong contender to lead tech industry from the front in the years to come. 

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Metropolitan / Smart City Projects:

Smart city projects are initiated across the globe, in many countries with the idea of exemplifying the building support system that is infrastructure along with vigilant surveillance to establish highly secure zones.

The resident can link himself up with the technology, as Smartphone app, pertaining to the city, and then he can gather healthy information related to ongoing hustle and bustle in the city. If he is looking out for a parking smart app will help him locate the clearer zones so the frustration is decreased and the panic situation doesn’t arise which can lead to cramping and traffic jams and other nuisance of similar sorts. Santander in Spain is a smart city which helps out its citizens in establishing a decent way of looking into things just at one click.

South Korea is planning to design and equip one of its cities with the digital modes to enlighten the efficiencies associated with the use of the Internet of Things. 

Industrial Expansion:

Industrial growth and expansion are very much related to the Internet of Things. Sustainable modes and cost-effective, user-friendly means are adapted to appease the public and get a positive response and to gain strategic depths and a win over competitors.

Network control of assets and types of equipment promotes healthy grooming of sources and resources with healthier outcomes; this is exactly what the industries are doing to expand their gross income by aligning their products as per the requirements of the audience at large. 

Transportation:

Automated and driver-less cars are one subtle dimension of an Internet of things. Navigations, self-controlled brakes and accelerators to make the drive safe in soliloquy are made possible with the integration of sensing devices patched up with the hardwares and machinery of the car. 

Artificial Intelligence:

Artificial intelligence is a subtle variation of IoT. IoT devices are equipped with artificial brains so that the integration of devices look more sound, self-propelling in many respects. This is a big breakthrough, the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools to streamline the machine learning process.

The devices with artificial brains could then behave as independent entities in the network of devices and would also be able to distinguish between good and the bad, to a certain extent at least. Any major change in surroundings, the environment could be detected and the device starts running on an automated design, one can say integration personified. Everything connected to become digital is IoT and this simple demonstration determines the importance of this industry, a tech revolution to say the least.

Devices are connected over and through the internet to make them a tangible part of the digital world. This is such a big and iconic story, a distinct and very effective field of technology which is breaking grounds. People these days feel more inclined towards depending and relying on tech tools and devices to deal with their tasks schedule and maintained. People don’t want to comprise on their security, individuality and still want a handler who can share their burden and be with them patiently.

IoT has supported the cause of modern day life where each and every moment is precious. The modern life is nothing or least valued without the inclusion of incumbent and valuable tech modes and IoT is standing well tall above other IT-modes in setting new trends and breaking grounds. IoT is a doctrine which has sensationalized the computing and digital world. It is an aroma which has spread tender and delights with an attractive and appealing fragrance. No one can undermine the value and importance of IoT as a separate discipline.

IoT is spreading like an epidemic and is clearly playing a lead role as far as setting new trends and innovative designs are concerned. We as humans want calm, peace, integrity and don’t want to get undone by the hectic life schedules. We want ease at offices and at homes to avoid despair and fright. Our minds and mental sensations are tranquilized by the outburst of this evolving technology which has an auspicious start and is making effective moves. Our houses are more secure, more appealing, more peaceful, and more attractive with the inclusion of this very sound technology.

An electric bulb now can turn on and off automatically, the security systems are now more vigilant and interpersonal communication can be carried out using the IoT based security systems. Machine learning, Algorithms, motion sensing are being integrated to bring new and up to dated data packs of IoT.

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A few of the products of IoT include:

Courier Tracking System:

We can track our couriers, to locate their positions and possible time of arrival. This has been made possible by IoT based devices which are on the payroll of the business firms and communicate users with all the latest updates via a tracking number.

Smart Homes:

A mobile application will help manage the settings of your homes and the term is called smart homes. Smart homes are a big innovation and application of IoT and more and more people want to be a part of smart technology.

Smart Security Systems:

Google assistant, camera, microphone, and AI-based tools have revitalized the security systems.

Smart locks:

Smart locks will provide an extra layer of screening to homes and offices, only the person with the right key and password shall be allowed entry otherwise the door won't open. These are just a few of the many applications which brief out the pros and cons of this very dynamic and vibrant industry.

IoT is seriously motivating people to become digital in all spheres of life irrespective of their traditions and demographics. This is such an appealing and astonishing technology that each and every aspect of our life is taken care about and with the minimal of efforts. The integration of AI-tools has reoriented, modified and upgraded the level and value of this blossoming technology.

Machines are automated, with motion sensing, virtual assistants provide the impetus required where necessary to make a collective effort in streamlining the machine learning process to energizes and boost the levels of digitization.

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